Hemp is an annual herbaceous crop that is grown from seed each year. It is included in the botanical order Urticales, along with the hops plant, used to make beer, in a distinct family called Cannabaceae. Some botanists prefer to assign it to the Moraceae family, which includes the Mulberry plant. The species is dioecious, meaning it has two distinct sexes. The flowers of hemp are highly developed, with the pollen-bearing staminate, or male, flowers, and the seed-producing pistillate, or female, flowers blooming on separate plants. Some plants may be monoecius, or hermaphroditic.

Each part of the hemp plant has unique characteristics lending themselves to various applications. Its stalk envelopes one of natures longest and strongest soft fibers around a woody core containing close to 30% cellulose- the organic compound used in the manufacture of paper, plastics, film, and rayon, among others. Its leaves and roots build, aerate, and otherwise improve the soil by balancing the pH level of acidity, and eliminating certain soil pathogens. Growing hemp can extract heavy metal contaminants from chemically degraded farmland, reclaiming the land for food crop production.

Industrial hemp requires no pesticides, and growing hemp can eliminate weeds without the use of herbicides. It can be fertilized using a combination of animal manure and rotation with nitrogen-fixing crops instead of chemical fertilizers. This makes it a wonderful crop for organic farming. With its myriad of commercial applications for its fiber and oil, industrial hemp offers exceptional economic value to farmer and manufacturer alike. Currently there are twelve to fifteen different seed varieties grown for various applications.

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